General Surgeon Salary: How Much Do General Surgeons Make?
Discover the average salary of a general surgeon and factors that affect their earnings.
Posted March 15, 2025
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If you’re considering a career as a general surgeon, you might be wondering, "How much does a surgeon earn?" The answer depends on several factors, including experience, location, and work setting.
On average, general surgeons have an annual salary of over $400,000. Some of the highest-paid surgeons make even more, especially those with specialized training in minimally invasive techniques or high-demand fields like interventional radiology.
Beyond the impressive financial rewards, general surgeons play a vital role in patient care. Their work requires long periods in the operating room, quick decision-making, and years of intensive training. Despite the challenges, the profession offers job security, high demand, and strong earning potential.
In this article, we’ll break down the average annual salary of general surgeons, factors affecting earnings, and how they compare to other medical specialties.
What Is a General Surgeon?
A general surgeon is a doctor trained to perform a wide range of surgical procedures. Unlike surgeons who specialize in specific areas like diagnostic radiology or interventional radiology, general surgeons handle various conditions affecting the digestive tract, skin, soft tissues, and endocrine system.
General surgeons play a crucial role in patient care, often working with chronic illnesses that require surgical intervention. They are skilled in both traditional open surgery and minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures. These methods help reduce recovery time and improve outcomes.
To become a general surgeon, extensive training is required. After earning a medical degree, surgeons complete a five-year residency, where they refine their skills in surgical techniques, emergency procedures, and post-operative care. Their expertise allows them to handle everything from routine procedures to life-saving surgeries.
Now, let's explore what general surgeons do on a daily basis.
Key Role & Responsibilities
General surgeons perform a variety of procedures and play a vital role in patient care. Their responsibilities include:
- Performing Surgeries – General surgeons operate on conditions affecting the digestive system, skin, soft tissues, and organs. They handle emergency surgeries like appendectomies and trauma cases.
- Using Minimally Invasive Techniques – Many general surgeons use laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures to reduce recovery time and minimize complications.
- Diagnosing & Evaluating Patients – Before surgery, they assess medical histories, conduct physical exams, and order tests such as diagnostic radiology scans to determine the best treatment.
- Post-Operative Care & Monitoring – Surgeons oversee recovery, manage pain, and ensure there are no complications after surgery.
- Collaborating with Other Medical Specialties – General surgeons work closely with anesthesiologists, nurses, and specialists in other medical specialties to provide comprehensive care.
- Handling Emergency & Trauma Cases – Many general surgeons work in emergency settings, treating life-threatening conditions that require immediate surgery.
- Teaching & Research – Some surgeons contribute to medical research or train new doctors in surgical techniques and patient care.
Want to begin your educational journey to becoming a general surgeon? Check out these resources to get you started:
- The Ultimate Guide to the Medical School Application Process
- Preparing for Medical School: A Comprehensive Guide
- Medical School Acceptance Rates: What You Need to Know and How to Improve Your Chances
- Harvard Medical School: Admission Requirements and Application Process
- Average Salary for a Doctor: How Much Do Physicians Make?
Education & Training Requirements
Becoming a general surgeon requires years of intense education and hands-on training. Below is the step-by-step path to entering the field:
- Bachelor’s Degree (4 years) – Aspiring surgeons must complete an undergraduate degree, typically in biology, chemistry, or another science-related field.
- Medical School (4 years) – Students earn either an MD (Doctor of Medicine) or DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) degree. The curriculum includes coursework in medical care, patient care, and surgical techniques.
- Residency Training (5 years) – General surgery residents undergo rigorous training, performing supervised surgeries and learning advanced techniques, including minimally invasive techniques.
- Board Certification – After residency, surgeons take the American Board of Surgery (ABS) exam to become certified.
- Fellowship (Optional, 1-3 years) – Some surgeons pursue additional training in other medical specialties like trauma surgery, pediatric surgery, or interventional radiology.
- Continuing Education – Surgeons must stay updated on the latest advances in surgical technology and patient care through ongoing training and certifications.
General surgeons spend long periods in training, but the financial rewards and impact on patient care make it a highly respected career path.
Average Salary of a General Surgeon
A general surgeon's earning potential is among the highest in medicine. Their annual salary varies based on several factors like experience, location, and work setting. On average, a general surgeon earns around $400,000 per year, but salaries can range from $300,000 to $600,000.
Compared to other medical specialties, general surgeons earn more than primary care physicians but less than specialized surgeons like neurosurgeons or orthopedic surgeons. Those with additional training in minimally invasive techniques or high-demand specialties, such as interventional radiology, often earn at the higher end of the scale.
Beyond their base annual salary, general surgeons may receive financial rewards in the form of bonuses, profit-sharing, and performance-based incentives. Despite the demanding nature of their work, the high demand for surgical procedures ensures steady job security and competitive salaries.
Next, let's break down how much general surgeons make by experience level.
How Much Do General Surgeons Make?
- National Average Salary: ~$400,000 per year.
- Salary Range: $300,000 - $600,000 depending on experience, location, and work setting.
- Hourly Rate Estimate: ~$192 per hour (based on a 40-hour workweek).
Median vs. Top Salaries
- Median Salary: ~$420,000
- Top 10% Earners: $600,000+
- Bottom 10% Earners: ~$250,000 (entry-level positions).
Factors That Affect General Surgeon Salaries
A general surgeon's earning potential depends on several factors, including experience, location, and work setting. Surgeons in high-demand areas or large metropolitan hospitals often earn more than those in rural communities.
Experience plays a significant role -- entry-level surgeons earn less, while those with over 10 years of practice can exceed $500,000 annually. Surgeons in private practice typically earn more than those in hospitals, but they also manage business expenses.
Specialization also impacts salary. Those trained in minimally invasive techniques or fields like interventional radiology tend to have higher salaries. Bonuses, profit-sharing, and financial rewards further boost earnings.
Experience & Seniority
- Entry-Level (0-5 Years): $250,000 - $350,000
- Mid-Career (5-10 Years): $350,000 - $500,000
- Experienced (10+ Years): $500,000+
Geographic Location & State Variations
Where a general surgeon works greatly affects their annual salary. Surgeons in high-cost states like California and New York tend to earn more, often exceeding $500,000 per year. However, these areas also come with a higher cost of living and more competition.
In contrast, rural communities in states like Mississippi, Arkansas, and West Virginia typically offer lower base salaries, around $300,000 to $350,000. However, these areas often provide incentives like loan repayment programs and signing bonuses to attract surgeons.
Overall, geographic demand, cost of living, and hospital funding all influence a surgeon's earning potential.
Work Setting (Hospital vs. Private Practice)
A general surgeon’s earning potential is influenced by where they work. The two main settings are hospitals and private practice, each offering different salary structures and benefits.
- Hospital-Employed Surgeons: These surgeons earn between $350,000 and $500,000 per year. Their salaries are stable, and they receive financial rewards like health benefits, malpractice insurance, and retirement plans. However, they have less control over their schedules and patient load.
- Private Practice Surgeons: Surgeons in private practice often earn $500,000+ per year but take on higher financial risks. They manage business expenses, hire staff, and handle administrative duties. However, they have more independence in patient care and scheduling.
Each setting has trade-offs, but both offer competitive salaries and strong annual salary growth over time.
Specialization & Additional Training
A general surgeon’s earning potential increases with specialization and additional training. While general surgeons perform a broad range of procedures, those who focus on high-demand specialties often see higher salaries.
- Minimally Invasive Techniques – Surgeons trained in laparoscopic and robotic-assisted procedures earn more due to increased efficiency and reduced recovery times.
- Interventional Radiology – Some general surgeons pursue fellowships in interventional radiology, allowing them to perform image-guided procedures, which increases earning potential.
- Trauma Surgery & Critical Care – Surgeons in trauma centers often earn higher annual salaries due to the intensity and demand of their work.
- Oncologic Surgery – Specializing in cancer-related procedures increases a surgeon’s value and compensation.
Surgeons who pursue fellowship training in other medical specialties can significantly boost their financial rewards, often exceeding $600,000 annually.
General Surgeon Salary by State
A general surgeon's earning potential varies significantly based on location. Some states offer higher salaries due to increased demand, while others provide financial rewards like loan repayment programs to attract surgeons.
Highest Paying States for General Surgeons
- California – $500,000+
- New York – $480,000+
- Texas – $460,000+
- Massachusetts – $450,000+
- Florida – $440,000+
Lowest Paying States for General Surgeons
- Mississippi, Arkansas, and West Virginia typically offer salaries closer to $300,000.
- Rural areas may have lower base salaries but provide loan repayment incentives.
General Surgeon Salary vs. Other Specialties
A general surgeon's earning potential is competitive, but some medical specialties offer even higher salaries. Specialized surgeons, such as neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons, tend to earn more due to the complexity of their procedures.
How General Surgeons Compare to Other Surgeons
| Specialty | Average Salary |
| Neurosurgeon | $600,000+ |
| Orthopedic Surgeon | $550,000+ |
| Plastic Surgeon | $500,000+ |
| Cardiothoracic Surgeon | $490,000+ |
| General Surgeon | $400,000+ |
| ENT Surgeon | $390,000+ |
General Surgeon vs. Primary Care Physicians
| Physician Type | Average Salary |
| General Surgeon | $400,000+ |
| Family Medicine | $230,000+ |
| Internal Medicine | $250,000+ |
| Pediatrics | $210,000+ |
Career Growth & Salary Projections for General Surgeons
The demand for general surgeons is expected to grow, leading to steady increases in salaries over the next decade. As the population ages and the need for surgical procedures rises, job opportunities will remain strong.
Factors Driving Salary Growth:
- Increased demand for surgeries due to an aging population and chronic illnesses.
- Advancements in minimally invasive techniques, improving patient outcomes and efficiency.
- Shortages of surgeons in rural communities, leading to higher compensation and financial rewards like loan forgiveness programs.
While general surgeons already earn an annual salary of $400,000+, salaries are projected to increase by 5-10% over the next 10 years. Specializing in high-demand fields like interventional radiology or trauma surgery can further boost earnings.
How to Increase Earnings as a General Surgeon
While general surgeons already earn a competitive annual salary, there are several ways to boost earning potential and maximize financial rewards.
Ways to Increase Salary:
- Gain Additional Certifications – Specializing in minimally invasive techniques, interventional radiology, or trauma surgery can lead to higher salaries.
- Work in High-Demand Areas – Surgeons in rural communities or states with fewer specialists often earn more due to shortages.
- Private Practice Ownership – Running a practice allows surgeons to set their own rates and benefit from profit-sharing. However, it comes with financial risks.
- Increase Surgical Volume – High-volume surgeons who efficiently manage operating schedules can maximize their income.
- Take On Administrative Roles – Becoming a department head or working in hospital leadership can offer additional bonuses and incentives.
Additional Benefits & Compensation for General Surgeons
Beyond their annual salary, general surgeons receive financial rewards and perks that enhance their overall compensation. These benefits can significantly impact a surgeon's earning potential and work-life balance.
Beyond the Base Salary:
- Signing Bonuses – Surgeons in high-demand areas can receive bonuses ranging from $20,000 to $100,000.
- Profit-Sharing & Performance Bonuses – Private practice surgeons often earn additional compensation based on revenue and case volume.
- Malpractice Insurance Coverage – Most hospitals provide coverage, which can save surgeons thousands of dollars annually.
- Loan Repayment Assistance – Many programs offer student loan forgiveness for surgeons working in rural communities or underserved areas.
- Health & Retirement Benefits – Hospital-employed surgeons receive comprehensive benefits, including 401(k) plans, health insurance, and paid time off.
These benefits add significant value to a general surgeon’s compensation package, making the career even more rewarding.
Final Thoughts: Is General Surgery a Lucrative Career?
General surgery is one of the highest-paid medical specialties, offering excellent financial rewards and long-term career stability. With an annual salary averaging $400,000+, general surgeons earn significantly more than primary care physicians and are among the most high-demand professionals in healthcare.
The career comes with challenges, including long periods of training and demanding work hours. However, the surgeon's earning potential continues to grow, especially for those specializing in minimally invasive techniques, trauma surgery, or interventional radiology.
For those willing to commit to years of education and rigorous training, general surgery provides strong job security, financial stability, and opportunities for career advancement. Whether working in hospitals, private practice, or rural communities, general surgeons play a critical role in patient care while enjoying one of the most financially rewarding careers in medicine.
FAQs
What is the average salary of a general surgeon in the United States?
- As of 2024, general surgeons in the U.S. earn an average annual salary of approximately $423,000. This figure can vary based on factors like experience, location, and subspecialty.
How does experience impact a general surgeon's salary?
- Experience significantly influences a general surgeon's earnings. Entry-level surgeons may start with salaries around $250,000, while those with several years of practice can see their income rise to $500,000 or more annually.
Do general surgeons receive additional compensation beyond their base salary?
- Yes, many general surgeons receive extra compensation, such as signing bonuses averaging $32,000 and relocation bonuses around $12,000. Additionally, incentive bonuses, though variable, are common in this field.
How do general surgeon salaries compare between genders?
- Data indicates a slight difference in earnings between male and female general surgeons. Male general surgeons report an average salary of $479,000, while their female counterparts earn about $460,000, reflecting a 4% difference.
What are the top-paying states for general surgeons?
- Top-paying states for general surgeons include Alaska, Oregon, and Massachusetts, with average salaries around $307,000 to $306,000. These figures can vary based on demand and cost of living in each state.
